Diagnóstico dos atributos físicos do solo em lavouras de alfafa no distrito de Rincão de São Pedro, São Luiz Gonzaga/RS

Abstract

Alfalfa is considered the first domesticated forage plant being one of the most important globally today expanding the use of machinery in various stages of production of culture, conditions on the ground more pressure when applied in inadequate moisture conditions, reflecting in changes in physical conditions. This study aimed to diagnose the physical conditions of the soil in alfalfa crops at different times of deployment and mechanization levels, the study was conducted in Corner community of Rincão de São Pedro district of São Luiz Gonzaga / RS. The samples were collected in three properties as the level of mechanization diagnosed, (complete mechanization, mechanization incomplete for collection (i) and incomplete mechanization for plowing and raking (ii). Samples were taken at 0-10, 10-20 and 20- 30 cm for each identified gleba The soil physical properties evaluated in the diagnosis were: texture, bulk density (DS), degree of compaction (GC), total porosity (TP), microporosity (Mip) and macroporosity (Mac) .Also field have been made to evaluate the structural condition of the soil profile Cultural method. With the different levels of mechanization, it was observed that the critical values for macroporosity and density as well as the degree of soil compaction vary levels greatly among and between the number of years the soil is handled, and the values presented primarily for ownership with incomplete mechanization, were well below the minimum value for all compression indicators. Soil Evaluation by profile Cultural method detected compaction layers greater or lesser degree in all plots for all levels of mechanization being the structural characteristics of a compacted soil was more evident especially in properties with complete and incomplete mechanization. The results for all parameters describe problem in the physical properties of the soil under cultivation of alfalfa, characterized mainly on the form of highly compacted soils, which can directly influence the productivity and culture of longevity in the field