Impactos da colheita de milho para silagem sobre atributos do solo

Abstract

In agricultural areas with the use of crop-livestock integration, inadequate soil management can cause physical problems such as soil compaction which can result in significant reductions in productivity. In this work, the objective was to contribute to the improvement and sustainability of soil management in areas of maize cultivation to production of crops for animal feed, which evaluated the effect of the corn crop for silage on the ground during corn harvest for silage under different systems of tillage and soil moisture content. The treatments were: corn D1-harvesting for silage a day after the rain; Corn for silage harvest D2-two days after the rain; D3-harvesting corn for silage three days after the rain; Corn silage harvest-D4 four days later from the rain and Test- No harvest corn for silage. The experimental design used was the completely randomized design. Soil moisture was descending over the days after the rain, showing low variability between of the days, where he remained below the limit of plasticity of the soil. The density of the soil showed significantly higher values on 0 to 10 cm layer of depth, both in no-tillage as the minimum cultivation in all treatments tested in relation to the control. There was a significant reduction in total porosity and soil macroporosity in all treatments tested in relation the witness in layer 0 to 10 cm deep both in direct planting as the minimum cultivation of the soil. The pressure exerted on the ground by the traffic in this case it was efficient to increase the microporosity of soil in all treatments tested in relation the witness in layer 0 to 10 cm depth, both in no-tillage as the minimum cultivation. In no-tillage, the soil mechanical resistance to penetration was affected by treatments in the 1 cm layer to 24 cm deep, where both treatments tested in relation to the control and the treatment D4 what presented the highest values in the first cm of depth. Already in minimum cultivation, soil mechanical resistance to penetration, was affected by treatments in 6 to 21 cm layer of depth. The pressure exerted on the ground by the traffic of the whole, under the conditions evaluated, was not enough to change the attributes of density and porosity in the layers of 10 to 20 cm and 20 to 30 cm deep in all treatments evaluated in both soil management showing that the topsoil from 0 to 10 cm, in this case, was affected by treatments which can take the soil to form a compacted layer.