Influência de diferentes tipos de plantas sobre a estrutura do solo em plantio direto

Abstract

The soil structure can be understood as the arrangement of particles, that is, the aggregation of particles in aggregates. Although not considered a growth factor for plants, it influences parameters related to soil water dynamics, soil density, temperature, and porosity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different types of plants on the soil structure in Hapludox. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal Fronteira Sul, Campus Cerro Largo. The following treatments were applied: soybean, corn, crotalaria and fallow, with four replications. The following parameters were evaluated: stability of aggregates in the 0 - 0.10m and 0.10 - 0.20m layers, in the lines and between the lines of each crop; Density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity in the 0.00 - 0.05m layers; 0.05 - 0.10m; 0.10-0.20m; 0.20 - 0.30m, in the lines and between the lines of the cultures; And dry mass of the crops. The results were submitted to Tukey's test, at 5% probability. When comparing the effect of the species, higher density values were found in the 0 - 5 cm layer, in the fallow plots and lower values found in the plots conducted with the maize crop. In the 10-20 cm layer, lower values of density were found in the soybean crop, and higher values found in the corn crop. When comparing the effect of the species on the crop line on soil density, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the treatments, differing only the microporosity in the 10-20 cm layer, with higher values found in soybean. The values of density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity were not significantly influenced in any of the layers evaluated when comparing the effect of the species in the sowing line. Corn was efficient in improving the stability of the aggregates in the 0-10 cm layer. Crotalaria was efficient in improving the stability of the aggregates in the 10-20 cm layer. The roots of the treatment under fallow presented the highest values of DMP and DMG. Crotalaria presented the highest productivity of dry matter per hectare.