Puberdade e maternidade: a incontinência urinária na gestação em adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary incontinence, defined as any involuntary loss of urine, compromises physical, social, and emotional well-being. Although documented in adults, the adolescent population presents specific vulnerabilities due to biological immaturity and the psychosocial context of pregnancy. Objective: To analyze, through a systematic review, the occurrence and determinants of urinary incontinence in pregnant adolescents, as well as its physical, emotional, and social repercussions. Methods: This is a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual, registered on the OSF platform. The search was performed in the PubMed, VHL (BVS), and SciELO databases using the PICO strategy. Nine primary observational studies published in the last 10 years were included and underwent risk of bias assessment through specific JBI checklists. Results: The prevalence of UI in pregnant adolescents ranged from 50% to 60.1%, with a predominance of stress urinary incontinence. Identified risk factors included maternal age between 10 and 14 years, maternal weight exceeding 90 kg, intestinal constipation, a prior history of urinary loss, and the performance of episiotomy. In the psychosocial sphere, it was observed that embarrassment and shame lead to symptom omission and social isolation. Conclusion: UI is a frequent and underreported condition in pregnant adolescents, exacerbated by the lack of active investigation during prenatal care. Therefore, the implementation of screening protocols and preventive strategies is essential to mitigate the negative impacts on this population's quality of life.