O custo-benefício na aquisição de carros elétricos novos: uma análise da perspectiva do consumidor brasileiro entre 2021 e 2025

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis analyzes the cost-benefit ratio in the acquisition of new electric cars from the perspective of the Brazilian consumer within the time frame between 2021 and 2025. The general objective is to understand how financial viability and value perception are achieved through the purchase of these vehicles. Methodologically, the research is classified as basic, qualitative, explanatory, and strictly bibliographic and documentary, anchored on institutional reports from the IEA, ANFAVEA, and ABVE, as well as theoretical frameworks from behavioral economics and diffusion of innovations. This study is based on the premise that the transition to electric mobility in Brazil is primarily driven by the consumer's economic rationality (the search for lower operational costs) rather than solely by environmental awareness. The results obtained through the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) modeling demonstrate that the electric vehicle (BYD Dolphin Mini) has a running cost of only R$ 0.11/km. In contrast, the benchmark internal combustion vehicle (Chevrolet Onix 1.0 Turbo) requires R$ 0.46/km, highlighting an operational expense more than four times higher for the exact same route. From a behavioral perspective, it was found that loss aversion and range anxiety act as severe psychological barriers. It is concluded that fully achieving the cost-benefit ratio requires high financial literacy from the buyer, proving that, even in the absence of full IPVA tax subsidies, the technology's efficiency compensates for the acquisition in the long term.