Infiltração e armazenamento de água em sistemas de manejo de solo e influência sobre a cultura de milho em um latossolo argiloso

Abstract

Soil is the natural storer of water to the plants in the ecosystem, and the water into the soil occurs through the process of infiltration during rainfall and depends on physical soil management to encourage their structuring, maintaining a good proportion of pores large and continuous. If the soil is poorly managed or has compacted layers, the infiltration process is limited and water, rather than infiltrate, flowing surface causing soil degradation and roads, contamination of rivers with nutrients and pesticides and intensification of floods, and could adversely affect the water storage in the soil. To evaluate the effect of soil management on soil physical properties, storage and water infiltration into the soil, an experiment was conducted in the experimental area of UFFS, Cerro Largo campus, under a Oxisol managed in tillage, which were created different systems of tillage and soil compaction and deployed the corn crop. The implanted treatments were: 1) PD: Consolidated Tillage 2) PDC: Tillage compressed by a tractor 3) ESC: tillage with chiseling until close to 20 cm deep and 4) ESC1: sowing after a year of scarification. We evaluated the density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and soil hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil layers 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m , 0.20-0.30 m. The water infiltration into the soil was measured with rings infiltrometers. The observed data were adjusted to Kostiakov model to estimate the infiltration capacity. Was also evaluated in the root distribution of maize plants, soil penetration resistance, water storage during development and yield in maize culture. The soil scarification decreased density and increased total porosity and macroporosity of the soil, but its effect was short-lived, lasting less than twelve months. Water storage was not affected by treatments. Treatment tillage showed the highest water infiltration capacity of the soil. The crop yield was not affected by managements evaluated soil.