A nação como um corpo : o corporativismo como conceito elementar para compreender o trabalhismo no governo Vargas (1930-1945)

Abstract

The period between the two great world wars was of profound changes in the world, especially in the European and American continent. The Great Depression caused by the fall of the New York Stock Exchange provoked an intense distrust of the credibility of economic liberalism. The formation of new countries - or the restructuring of many - after the First World War, as well as the rise of authoritarian ideologies, questioned liberal thinking, which seemed unable to react to the great crisis. In the midst of this international reality was also Brazil, undergoing a gigantic process of transformation, the arrival of European immigrants as a result of the recent abolition of slavery, as well as the consecutive expansion of labor rights that have taken over the Vargas government. Within such an environment of increasing numbers of workers in industries and also of the first major workers' strikes in Brazil, one of the ideologies that would have permeated the labor question was corporatism. The importance of the Consolidation of Labor Laws for the twentieth century in Brazil, as well as the relevance of this topic - in view of the various labor changes that our country is experiencing at the time - has aroused interest in deepening the knowledge about this period and This ideology that contributed in a decisive way to our formation in the present time. Therefore, the problem that we will try to solve in this work will be: to identify if there are similarities between the Carta del Lavoro and the Consolidation of Labor Laws and whether corporatism is an elementary concept to understand laborism in the Vargas Era. For this resolution, the methodology of bibliographic review and comparative policy will be used. The sources used will be the Consolidation of Labor Laws, published by the Brazilian government in 1943, and the Italian Lavoro Charter of 1927. The intentions of this work will be to carry out a bibliographical review on corporatism and the interwar context; To address its possible influences in Brazil; Analyze the similarities and differences between the Carta del Lavoro and the Consolidation of Labor Laws as well as the possible presence of corporatism in the Brazilian document; And to verify if the corporate ideology can be seen as a basic concept to explain Labor in the Age. The research, however, does not intend to give a unique and inflexible answer to the questions posed due to the thematic and conceptual amplitude of the studied period And the impossibility of translating the first Vargas Government with only one concept.