Avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos apresentados por pacientes hemodialíticos e sua relação com a qualidade da água

Abstract

Chronic Diseases Non Transmissible (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, among them is the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), seen as the new epidemic of the XXI century. Is considered a clinical syndrome characterized by a significant reduction, slow, gradual and progressive renal excretory function, endocrine and metabolic, being classified in stages. When the patient reaches stage 5, it is necessary the use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) such as hemodialysis (HD). In this process, water is the main component thereof and contamination by toxic chemicals is a threat to the quality of human life, especially for hemodialysis patients, since they suffer from abnormalities of the immune system due to uremia and its metabolic changes, making them more susceptible to infections. Considering the need for risk reduction to which these patients are exposed, the water used to the proceedings must obey to the Nº11/2014 ANVISA Resolution. This project aimed to analyze the sanitary appropriateness of a hemodialysis service in western Santa Catarina in a certain period of 2014, relating it to the biochemical, hematological parameters submitted by hemodialysis patients. This was of an observational research, exploratory and transversal analytical quantitative analysis and Systematic random sampling. Target population had individuals who performed hemodialysis, of both genders, with a treatment time of 03-36 months. Subjects were divided into 04 groups according to the duration of hemodialysis: Group Nº 1, 03-07 months; Group Nº 2, 08-12 months; Group Nº 3, 13-24 months; Group Nº 4, 25 to 36 months. The information was obtained through consultation of patient files and hemodialysis service reports. We found several results as changes in biochemical and hematological parameters such as pre-HD urea, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and creatinine in all patients, with a significant difference between group 1 with the other groups. Many times is justified due to the clinical course and outcome of CKD to its terminal phase, as well as the injuries caused by the very hemodialysis. The hemodialysis service found to comply with the sanitary specifications. In conclusion our study the changes in biochemical and hematological parameters will be present in all hemodialysis patients, especially in regard to inflammatory biomarkers, reflecting the greater immune weakness. In this context, we emphasize the importance of close monitoring of water quality used in hemodialysis. Control is emphasizing and the relationship of such parameters as an important tool to assess the quality and effectiveness of hemodialysis therapy, and monitor the clinical outcome.