Avaliação de porta-enxertos clonais de pessegueiro nas condições edafoclimáticas de Chapecó SC

Abstract

One of the main problems of peach production in Brazil is the lack of homogeneity of the plants, due to the sexual propagation of rootstocks. In this context, this experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of clone rootstocks, as follows: GF-677, Capdeboscq, Mirabolano 29C, Clone 15, Tsukuba-03, Okinawa, Ishtara, Tardio 01, De Guia and self rooted BRS Pound in BRS Libra peach scion cultivar, at edaphoclimatic conditions of Chapecó - SC. The planting was done on average / high planting density system, with 5 m planting spacing between rows and 2 m between plants (5 x 2 m, 1000 plants ha-1 ), conducted in the form of epsilon. The analyzed variables were: a) trunk diameter; b) weight of plant material taken from pruning; c) canopy volume; d) plant height; e) xylem water potential and f) fruit set percentage. The experimental design was a randomized block, with four replications per treatment, with each replication consisting of a plant. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and, when significant, subjected to compare the means by Duncan test at 5% of significance level. It was observed that the vegetative growth of BRS Libra cultivar is influenced by the rootstocks, with greater vigor induction in the De guia rootstocks and self rooted BRS Libra cultivar and less induced vigor by Mirabolano 29C rootstock. The Okinawa rootstock had the highest fruit set and had an average vigor performance related to other rootstocks, since the Mirabolano 29C rootstock obtained the lowest fruit set. Thus it was concluded that the rootstock influences the vegetative activity of the scion cultivar. Rootstocks debilitated and high force have the highest xylem water potential and thus higher water consumption per leaf area. The Ishtara rootstock proved to be a good alternative to compose dense orchards, because it had one of the lowest averages for the vegetative variables, having the high percentage of fruit set as an advantage, showing good adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of Chapecó - SC region.