Proposta de pagamento por serviços ambientais em uma área de preservação ambiental do município de Erechim/RS

Abstract

Facing the environmental problems experienced and knowing the importance that the environment has to maintain the balance responsible for life on the planet and the supply of goods and services necessary for the survival of living beings, several alternatives have been proposed to seek solutions to reduce the pressure on ecosystems and avoid the scarcity of these resources. Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is presented as an alternative to environmental conservation through incentives, including financial, that has proven to be more effective than measures based on penalties for environmental damages. This study has the general objective to create a proposal for a PES for the region of the protected areas of the Rivers Ligeirinho and Leãozinho, belonging to the town of Erechim, north of the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, where the water is collected and used to supply the population. To achieve the proposed objective, surveys were carried out in the literature of PES examples implemented in the international and national scene, seeking to understand how to implement each proposal, the methodology used and the goals achieved. It was sought to data on the region of interest in its geographical, environmental and economic aspects, reaching the Opportunity Cost for the use of land in the region. For the preparation of the proposal it was considered two of the revised methodologies. The first, used in the creation of the Water Saver Program, implemented in the town of Vera Cruz/RS, to get the calculation of the opportunity cost, it will be considered the soy and corn production, identified as the most representative in the region. From this calculation, the approximate average of land use cost for each type of production will be reached, considering a net margin of 20% on the gross amount found and turned into Fiscal Standard Units of the Rio Grande do Sul state. The second metodology, described in the implementation of the Water producers Project in the state of Espirito Santo (ES), based on the methodology established by the National Water Agency, will be used to calculate the final value, corresponding to the PES using an equation. In this, is considered the steepness of each property and the presence of vegetation at different stages of development, reaching the hectare value.