Políticas públicas para as mulheres: compreensão a partir das narrativas de mulheres atendidas nos municípios de Santa Rosa e Santo Ângelo (RS)

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to understand the public policies directed at women, based on the narratives of women attended by the Governmental Organizations of Policies for Women (OPMs). The research was carried out with the OPMs of the municipalities of Santa Rosa and Santo Ângelo, both located in the northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Among the organizations surveyed, we highlight the Regional Reference Center for Women's Assistance, Public Policies Assistance for Women, Police Station Specializing in Care for Women, Maria da Penha Patrol and Shelter and Passage House March 8th, these in Santa Rosa. In Santo Ângelo, the Municipal Women's Coordination, the Specialized Police Station for Women's Assistance and Maria da Penha Patrol were the targets of the survey. In order to meet the objectives outlined, an integrative bibliographical review was initially carried out, in order to ascertain the literature on the subject, as well as to support the historical recovery of the trajectory of women in society, in addition to seeking the genesis of specific public policies for women. The next step was to get to know the OPMs and the actions developed by each of them, through the contact with their managers. Subsequently, the narratives of the twenty two women interviewed, attended by the OPMs, were analyzed. As a methodological procedure, the qualitative approach was used, with a phenomenological and interpretative approach, in order to understand and deepen the theme from the perspective of the participants, in their natural environment and in relation to the context in which they are inserted. In this work we also used semi-structured interviews, as well as multiple case studies. As results, it was verified that the narratives, or passages of experiences of the events lived by the women, show that some social factors, like the lack of financial resources, the consumption of alcoholic drinks and drugs interfere in the condition of life of these women, because to the are vectors of violence, directly affect the victims. In the same way, cultural factors such as machismo and patriarchy, that are still notorious in in the two municipalities, establish patterns of subordination, fear and dependence on women. Of the twenty-two women interviewed, only one did not report having suffered any type of violence. All twenty- two interviewees sought help from the OPMs and were attended to in their needs. Most of them reported having realized that the actions developed by the public policies implemented in their favor contribute greatly to the change in their living conditions, showing ways to recover their self-esteem and self-confidence, factors that favor their empowerment. Thus, we conclude that the woman, when she becomes aware of her abilities, is able to emerge from the cycle of violence, from the situation of subordination, overcoming the fears and becoming independent.