Atributos químicos do solo e rendimentos de grãos do trigo em solo submetido a diferentes doses de cama de frango

Abstract

Chicken litter is much used in organic fertilization, especially in wheat and corn crops, but exact recommendations as to the dose to be applied are still scarce. This work aimed to evaluate the ability of different doses of chicken bed to modify soil chemical attributes and increase the yield potential of the wheat crop. The experiment was carried out in the interior of the municipality of Gaurama - RS, in a humic Aluminoférico Red Latossolo, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted in the application of four different doses of chicken bed (3.0, 6.0, 9.0 and 12.0 t ha-1), plus one negative control, without any fertilization, and one positive control, with application of mineral fertilization. In the wheat crop were evaluated the N content in the leaf tissue of the plants, the number of ears m-2, the height of the plants, the number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per spike, grain yield (kg ha-1), the mass of one thousand grains and the hectoliter weight of the grains (PH). In the soil, total nitrogen (NT), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and organic carbon (CO), as well as the active acidity and potential acidity, were evaluated in the 0 - 10 cm layer. It was verified that the bed of chicken provided an increase in the contents of P and Mg of the soil, as the doses were increased. The other attributes of the soil tested were not affected significantly in the first harvest after the application of the chicken bed. There was an increase in grain yield of the wheat until the dose of 9 t ha-1 of chicken bed, being above the yield provided by the mineral fertilization. However, the higher dose of chicken bed did decreased the grain yield of the wheat crop. It was concluded that the chicken bed was able to modify only a few attributes of the soil already in the first harvest after the application, and that the dose of 3 t ha-1 already provided grain yield of wheat greater than the application of mineral fertilization, and may be an alternative for total or partial replacement.