Avaliação química e biológica de compostos bioativos extraídos da guabirobeira (campomanesia xanthocarpa berg)

Abstract

The C. xanthocarpa Berg is a native plant, common in southern Brazil. The interest in natural bioactive compounds with high antioxidant capacity has increased considerably in the last two decades, mainly due to its potential in the prevention and auxiliary treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In view of this fact, the present study sought to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the guabirobeira plant. The extracts were elaborated with the leaves and pulp of C. xanthocarpa, by means of two extractive methods, under reflux in Soxhlet apparatus at 78.4 oC using as solvent 70% ethanol (SP-et and SF-et) and under magnetic stirring at 37 oC using the solvents 70% ethanol (P-et and F-et) and n-hexane (F-hex and P-hex). The bioactive compounds of the extracts (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, coumarins and tannins) were determined by spectrophotometry. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by the DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was tested by the cell viability assay of the H295R cell line by the MTT method. The adhesion capacity, phagocytic activity and lysosomal volume were verified in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The F-et extract showed a higher amount of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins and tannins; F-hex presented higher concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids; in relation to pulp extracts, P-et presented higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, coumarins and tannins. Magnetic stirring extraction was more efficient for total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins and leaf tannins; in the pulp, Soxhlet extraction was more efficient for total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The highest antioxidant capacity based on DPPH and ABTS uptake was detected in F-et. The F-hex group had an effect on cell viability in H295R cells, whereas the P-hex group had a biological effect on RAW 264.7 cells. The bioactive compounds observed in the present study had a higher concentration in the extract of C. xanthocarpa leaf extracted by solvent ethanol 70%. This group showed a positive relation in the antioxidant capacity tests (DPPH and ABTS), but the same was not observed in the in vitro analyzes.