Caracterização fisiográfica e análise do índice de qualidade das águas do Lajeado lambedor, Município De Senador Salgado Filho – RS

Abstract

Lack of basic sanitation, improper waste disposal, and disordered use of soil and water resources, together with a lack of integration between the environmental monitoring agencies, compromise the quality of the watercourses. In the order to diagnose problems related to the pollution of water bodies, it is necessary to adopt methods of analysis as a strategy for monitoring water quality. In this scenario, the presents work aims to perform the physiographic characterization of the basin, to determine the flow rate and water quality indexes of the Lambedor Slab, in the stretch includes the urban area in Senador Salgado Filho city. In this way, collections were made at three strategic points during the period from March to June 2018. To perform the physiographic characterization of the basin, the QGIS software was used. To determine the flow rate, the floats method was used. The calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) was performed by determining the parameters BOD, OD, pH, temperature, thermotolerant coliforms, total solids, turbidity and total phosphorus. For the calculation of the Trophic State Index (TSI) the parameter total phosphorus was used. Finally, some parameters were compared with CONAMA Resolution 357/05. The results for the physiographic characterization show that the microbasin is of order 3, alongated and not susceptible to flooding, with a regular drainage capacity, presenting a moderate degree os infiltration. The mean flow rate found for the sample collection points was 0.21 m³/s. According to the WQI the slab was classified as poor, the TSI was classified at the mesotrophic level, presenting possible implications on the water quality, but at acceptable levels. For future work, it was suggested to perform the determination of the total nitrogen parameter, since the classification of the WQI can be altered. The parameters used to calculate WQI and TSI that werw above the limit allowed by CONAMA Resolution 357/05 for freshwater class 2 rivers wewe: OD, BOD, thermotolerant coliforms and total phosphorus. Through the results, we can observe the current situation of Lambedor Slab, in Senador Salgado Filho city. Thus, it is suggested that the population is aware of the proper destination of sanitary sewage and the public power take measures to improve the management of the water of the slab.