Adaptação de bebês na educação infantil: implicações e dificuldades na separação entre cuidador e o bebê

Abstract

This work presents some reflections on the adaptive process of infants in early childhood education. The interest to carry out this study was based on the experience of non-obligatory internships that we, the researchers, carried out at child education institutions, both at CEIMs and private institutions. To clarify these issues, we use the theoretical structure of attachment theory of John Bowlby - main author - along with other scholars like Andrea Rapoport and Telma Vitória and Maria Clotilde Rossetti-Ferreira. This article is an exploratory qualitative research in the period of adaptation of infants in early childhood education, from the perspective of their primary caregiver, considering the implications and difficulties in the separation between her and the baby. In addition, we present changes that have occurred in early childhood education to this day; we detail aspects of John Bowlby's attachment theory and its importance to early childhood education; we address the issue of choosing alternative care for infants; and finally, we consider the process of adaptation and the relationship between the mother and the baby. The present research was carried out in two nursery classes, with infants aged between 4 months old and 1 and 4 months old, at two pre-school institutions in the city of Chapecó-SC, one public and one private. In order to carry out the research, a questionnaire containing open-ended questions was used, which was delivered to approximately 57 caregivers of infants who are in the process of adjusting in the institutions of early childhood education. Finally, we hope that the reflections made in this research can bring benefits to the people who are going through this process, so, we hope that the realization of this study will provide clearer reflections about this period, presenting a view at the possibilities that emerge from this scenery.