Estudo descritivo da morbi-mortaluidade por aids no Rio Grande do Sul a partir de bases de dados Estaduais

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), final stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, causes around 1.2 million annual deaths worldwide. Brazil records approximately 40,000 new AIDS cases per year, and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is among the States with the highest detection rates and highest AIDS mortality coefficients. This study aimed to present aspects of AIDS morbidity and mortality in RS State, between 2007 and 2014, using the descriptive analysis of secondary data available in databases of public access. In the period, 27,417 AIDS cases were reported, 57.5% of which were males, a percentage equivalent to 1.3 male cases for each female case. Regarding race, 70.3% of the notifications involved white individuals, potentially reflecting the racial composition of RS State. For individuals aged 30 years or more with informed educational status (21,556 cases), 69.2% of the cases were notified in individuals with up to complete Middle School, which may indicate a relationship between HIV infection with a lower educational status and less favored segments of society. According to the age group, 33.2% and 25.5% of the total cases (27,417) affected individuals with 30-39 and 40-49 years old, respectively. There was a trend of increasing case numbers, per year, in individuals aged 50-69 years old. The main form of exposure to HIV was sexual (73.3%), with predominance of the heterosexual infection pathway for both men and women. The relative importance of heterosexual infection pathway was greater in females and, in males, the homosexual route and injecting drug use were also highlighted. Between the years 2007 and 2014, 11,206 deaths were recorded as caused by AIDS, and 63.8% of these deaths involved males. As for age groups, 62.5% of the deaths occurred in individuals with 30-49 years of age. These aspects are similar to those observed in most parts of the country. Considering that there is no vaccine available, the scenario of AIDS morbidity and mortality in the RS State confirms the importance of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and prevention to reduce the number of AIDS cases. In situations where HIV infection has occurred, the early diagnosis of this infection becomes relevant for treating people and reducing AIDS mortality.