Métodos de assepsia em sementes de feijão crioulo

Abstract

The present work had as objective to evaluate different asepsis methods in the physiological quality and health of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. Were evaluated seeds inoculated with fungal suspension adjusted to 10 ± 5 conidia / mL of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., and subsequently performed the following treatments: control with and without fungal inoculation, UV-C 1, 3 and 5 minutes; alcohol 70% 1 and 2 minutes; sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) 2% 3 minutes with addition of acetic acid; only NaClO 2% 3 minutes; peracetic acid 1% 3 and 6 minutes; dry thermotherapy 60 and 70øC for 5 minutes and humid 60 and 70øC for 30 minutes. The seeds were submitted to the tests of germination, germination speed index (GSI), seedling growth and sanity and analyzed by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments that best controlled the fungi Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were the alcohol 1 and 2 minutes, NaClO 2% with and without acetic acid and the wet thermotherapy at 60 and 70 ° C for 30 minutes. The humid thermotherapy at 60 and 70 ° C was efficient in controlling pathogens, however, causing high seed mortality. The inoculation of fungi directly affected seed germination and vigor. The treatments with NaClO 2% with and without acetic acid are the most suitable for the asepsis of bean seeds, since they were the ones that had the least damage to the physiological quality of the seeds.