Análise da rentabilidade dos setores da indústria de transformação do Brasil no período de 2007 a 2015

Abstract

This monograph deals with the evolution of the currentprofitability of the processing industry production and its tenmain divisions for the period from 2007 to 2015 Brazil level, thus deal on relations between industrial costs, salaries, personnel expenses and value added by industry. Thus, this study contemplates an analysis of the panorama of the Brazilian transformation industry from the point of view of industrialization, in which the performance of the industry is traced from the indicators of current profitability of production described by the methodology of Tavares (1978), with some adaptations to suit the database used, the Pesquisa Industrial Anual - Empresa provided by IBGE. This is characterized as a secondary database and after the statistical treatment was necessary from the deflation based on the year 2015. In this way, as far as the approach of the problem, it is a descriptive and exploratory, documentary and predominantly qualitative research. The indicators selected as the most adequate to describe the profitability in this research were net surplus and gross surplus, from which net surplus margin, gross surplus margin and surplus operating margin are generated. Besides these, the concept of profitability that most closely approximates the real profit adopted here is a mark-up and adapted mark-up, which represent the profitability of the industry in relation to the gross value of industrial production. The theoretical instruments that form the basis of this research are industrial economics theories: neo-Schumpeterian theory and Structure-Conduct-Performance. The analysis and discussion of the results were divided into two parts, in which the first is the presentation and analysis of the indicators for all the divisions of the manufacturing industry and then, based on the value of the industrial transformation, the ten main divisions were opened by groups and observed the evolution of the margins for the period. The results show that two phenomena occurred: the first increase of the mark-up until 2008, and as a result of the change in the international market, a drop in this indicator after the arrival of the effects of the subprime crisis and the worsening of the Brazilian economic situation, after of 2013. Highlights in most of the divisions are the years of 2015 and 2009, which presented a significant reduction of the indicators, while among these occurred relative recovery of profitability. Although some divisions show above-average performance or below, the groups that compose them have different profitability, both in relation to the margin and the accumulation of surplus, thus posing questions about how the dynamics of indicators and their determinants occur.