Utilização do geoprocessamento como ferramenta de apoio ao manejo das águas pluviais do Município de Santo Ângelo - RS

Abstract

Historically, Brazilian cities have frequent problems due to the occurrence of extreme events caused by rainfall precipitation, such as flooding and inundation. These events are a consequence of poor management of the drainage network and disorderly growth without proper planning of the urban perimeter. Within this context, this research aims to generate thematic maps and data in order to help the management and planning of the urban drainage system in the city of Santo Ângelo, through the use of geoprocessing. Santo Ângelo is a city located in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul that has faced problems of inundation and flooding in several points of the urban area. Geoprocessing is characterized as a set of methods and technologies capable of manipulating georeferenced data. One of these technologies are the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), computer programs that can process geographic data. In this research, a registration form was developed for the cataloging of storm drains in the city of Santo Ângelo, and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was generated from the cartographic data available, using the GISs QGIS and ArcGIS. As a result, the drains of the central region of the urban area, and some peripheral regions, were cataloged. A consistent DTM that realiably represented the analyzed surface was generated, allowing the interpretation and evaluation of the relief, assisting in the planning and management of the drainage network of the city, and also providing a hypsometric map and a map of slope. This research concludes that the city drainage system is not adequate, presenting a lack of planning and maintenance in the hydraulic devices, further demonstrating that geoprocessing can be a useful tool in the management of rainwater and in the management of the basic sanitation of the city.