As mulheres Kaingang não saíram de uma costela de Adão: protagonismo feminino na terra indígena Toldo Chimbangue da luta pela terra aos dias atuais (1980-2019)

Abstract

The current study deals with the central role experienced by the Kaingang community’s women from the Indigenous Land Toldo Chimbangue, in a way in which it is possible to understand them as active actors of a shared History. This work is an interdisciplinary approach in which Antropology and History form a common basis that allow the analysis of the central role women played in Toldo Chimbangue, Chapecó - SC, during the disputes of land in 1980 decade, and in other occasions after this same land was conquered. In order to accomplish that goal, we deal with related themes that help us to understand relations of power that make the marginalization process of indigenous people, especially Kaingang’s women, a very clear one. However, it is also possible to notice their resistance. The Indigenous Land Toldo Chimbangue is a very good spot to analyze the indigenous autonomy process, the disputes they had, the exchanges and negotiations between them and the farmers of European origin who colonized the region. It is in the context of this land conflict that the ethnic identity and women’s central role to the Kaingang group is best demonstrated. What concerns the methodology used in this paper, the research begins with a critical revision of the local historigraphical bibliography as well as of the themes related to the study of the indigenous people. We also use Oral History (interviews) in order to keep a record of Kaingang women’s perceptions about her historical experiences.