Biomonitoramento da qualidade da água do arroio tumurupará, no município de Campina das Missões, RS, Brasil

Abstract

The rivers present great importance in providing water for human consumption, as well as other multiple uses in agriculture, livestock and industry. In the current degradation of aquatic ecosystems and the need to develop conservation and management programs, seek ways to evaluate the quality of surface water using biomonitoring measurements. The most used method of biomonitoring is through assessment ofbenthic macroinvertebrates communities in order to provide information regardingwater quality that is consuming and the degree of degradation of aquatic environments. The present research aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Creek Tumurupará, in the municipality of Campina das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, using benthic macroinvertebrates as biological indicators to measure environmental integrity. Macroinvertebrate samples were carried out in the period from July to October 2016, divided into three evaluations, in five sampling points in the bottom of the Tumurupará Brook, across stretch of watercourse in the scope of the municipality of Campina das Missões, in order to assess the quality of the water of this stream, in which it is appropriate to say that the waters are used for the supply of the local population. Sampling procedures were in the capture of benthic macroinvertebrates, useda water puçá "dipnet" for withdrawal of the same of different habitats of the watercourse, as much lênticas as lóticas. In each sampling point were dedicated approximately 60 minutes. The macroinvertebrates collected were analyzed and identified in family level with the exception of the Oligochaeta that were identified at the class level. For the bioindicação of water quality were applied biological indexes widely used in aquatic environments monitoring programs: Biotic Index Hilsenhoff family (IBF) and the ratio of EPT/Chironomidae (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera/Chironomidae). A total of 2,914 specimens were collected from benthic macroinvertebrates, included in 21 families of insects, two families of crustaceans of the order Decapoda, as well as annelids class Oligochaeta. The results obtained in the five points evaluated different water quality show, and may be called "extreme" qualities, becausewater quality has been "Excellent" in paragraphs 1 and 3, to be located upstream of the city of Campina das Missões, however, was also seen water "really bad" in point 4,find below the urban center with negative influence of sewage released directly into the stream without proper treatment. These results allow us to infer that the negative influence caused by human actions is causing the poor quality of the water of theBrook Tumurupará, as saying that the effective use of benthic macroinvertebrates inbiomonitoring measurements of water bodies, makes this method of evaluation of environmental quality of aquatic ecosystems efficiently and very important to accompany recovery programmes and environmental preservation.