Potencial de isolados bacterianos, associados ou não ao silício, no manejo de doenças em cultivo do feijoeiro

Abstract

Brazil is currently the third largest world producer of beans, and its production is affected by several factors that can reduce crop productivity. Among these factors are biotic, especially anthracnose diseases (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), angular leaf spot (Pseudocercospora griseola), and common bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Phaseoli). For the control of these diseases, emerges for the alternative management with the use of beneficial microorganisms associated with nutritional supplementation with silicon (Si), aiming to control the diseases in a more sustainable way, assisting in the fight against pathogen races that have acquired resistance to chemicals, traditionally used. Given this, the present work aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial isolates in seed treatment associated with silicon foliar application in the development of the main bean crop diseases. To perform this work, bacterial isolates 16, 27 and RD34 were applied to bean seeds of cultivar IPR Tuiuiú, and sown in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Fronteira Sul, in a randomized complete block design (DBC), containing four replications and eight treatments, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement (seed treatment x silicon foliar application). To evaluate the use of silicon, three foliar applications of silicon were carried out with a 10-day interval in plots that received or not the bacterial isolates. Plants were evaluated for the severity of these diseases and productive variables. The use of biocontrollers showed satisfactory efficiency in reducing the severity of common bacterial growth, especially the isolate 27 which significantly reduced the severity of the disease, but without significantly affecting the productive variables.