Extrato bruto aquoso e etanólico de grama esmeralda na germinação de sementes de tomate e alface

Abstract

Waste generated by mowing lawns in gardens or sports areas can be potential sources of organic manure in agriculture as it can be reused as a source of fertilizer in the gardens themselves or in other areas such as gardens. One alternative may be to use compost or vermicompost for this waste to be processed and nutrients to be released more readily to plants. From this perspective, some caution should be exercised regarding the use or disposal of these residues as they may be potential release agents for allelopathic compounds produced through secondary plant metabolism, in which they may be germinating stimulating agents or cause damage to plants by inhibiting seed germination. To date, there are no significant studies on the allelopathic effect of garden waste on oleric crops. The objective of this work was to verify the allelopathic effect of different concentrations of green and dry leaf extract on the initial germination and growth of lettuce and tomato seeds. The experiment was carried out in the Seed and Plant Physiology laboratories at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul and conducted on a completely randomized design, using 4 concentrations of extracts, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. was treated with distilled water. Four repetitions were performed for each concentration of aqueous and ethanol extract where they were placed in Gerbox boxes with 25 seeds each. Regression equations were adjusted by spreadsheet, and the software used for regression analysis was SISVAR. The evaluation was made through daily germination count, IVG (germination speed index) and seedling length. The results show that the allelopathic effect was greater on lettuce crop at concentrations of 10% and 15%, significantly interfering with the IVG and seed germination. At concentrations of 10% and 15% with the aqueous raw extract, there was no lettuce seed germination until the sixth day after the experiment implementation, showing allelopathic effect of grass on lettuce. On the other hand, tomato seeds began to germinate only on the fourth day at a concentration of 15%, thus being less susceptible to aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract has a greater allelopathic effect on both cultures completely inhibiting their germination.