Estado do Líbano e as transformações políticas do Hizballah

Abstract

The Hizballah - a Shiite orientated paramilitary political group - is the result of a dynamic in its country, Lebanon. The objective of this undergraduate thesis is to understand the meaning and transformations of this political force based on its relation with the foundation of the Lebanese State and its confessional content and how Hizballah may have contributed to the transformation of a paramilitary organization to the form of an organization participating in the legal political sphere.The methodology used in this paper is based on bibliographic research on the formation of the Lebanese State as the center of disputes between the constituted confessional groups, Sunnis, Maronites and Shiites within the formation of a consensus - the National Pact. In the second part, documents and speeches are analyzed and demonstrate the position of the organization in three different phases of its policy being the phase of social movement of political protest (1978-1985), a social movement (1985-1991), and later a parliamentary political party (1992-present). For such analyzes, will be considered a concept of professionalism, of a political party, of the political theological scope of Shia Islam for political understanding and the genesis of its formation. At the end of the research it was possible to understand that through the confessional disputes and the independence of 1948, the Shiites made up a group with little representation within the National Pact that inaugurates the modern Lebanese State. The organization defended the coexistence between Christians and Muslims, however, condemned the National Pact and the existence of the Israeli State. And in the participation, Hizballah started to dispute elections, mainly legislative positions.