Representações de língua(s) no espaço entre-línguas-culturas: marcas discursivas em produções textuais de indígenas

Abstract

This research analyzes representations of language(s) that emerge in essays written for the special indigenous selection process of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), named as Programa de Acesso e Permanência dos Povos Indígenas (PIN), that allow us to understand how the relationship between languages and cultures produces effects on the identity of these subjects. The methodological construction took place as follows: after the digitization of the selection process essays from 2015 to 2018 (139, in 2015; 200 in 2016; 298, in 2017; 200, in 2018) we read all the archived material, we identified the discursive regularities that emerged and, thus, we outlined the research objectives, as well as elaborated the entire text from the regularities. In this context, we formulate the hypothesis that, when entering higher education, the indigenous subject evidences the conflict and the tension of being betweenlanguages-cultures, between the indigenous language and the Portuguese language, causing effects on their identity constitution. In epistemological terms, we list theories and notions that understand the language susceptible to failures and misconceptions, which is materialized by the discourse. Thus, we developed the research in the discursive perspective that dialogues with history, psychoanalysis and deconstruction, in other words, a theoretical contribution that contemplates the heterogeneity of the subject and the language. Using these theoreticalanalytical precepts, we delimit the study in a pendular motion (PETRI, 2013), between theory and analysis, considering the theory based on the demand of the corpus. After reading, we identified some regularities in the essays with regard to representations of language (s): a) show a conflicting relationship between crossing languages and cultures; b) gesture of designating the language by giving different names (mother language, native language, original speech, traditional language, etc.); c) the use of possessive pronouns (mine, yours, ours) in order to point out possible positions that the language occupies in / for the subject (referring to a possible possession); d) the discourse on the loss of the indigenous language-culture through contact with the non-indigenous; e) the discourse of maintenance and preservation of the indigenous language-culture and f) the participating subjects bring up what could define what it is to be an indigenous person