Avaliação qualitativa, produtiva, ecofisiologia e compostos nutracêuticos de cultivares de figueira com diferente número de ramos

Abstract

The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) stands out, among the fruit trees, for the potential of climatic adaptation and to the types of soil, as well as its nutritional value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of branches and the cultivar of fig, on the production of fresh and green fruits, fruit quality, nutraceutical compounds and ecophysiological behavior. The experiment was conducted in a fig tree orchard, next to the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Chapecó / SC. The experiments were installed in a 5-year-old orchard, consisting of two cultivars, Roxo de Valinhos and Pingo de Mel, and conducted with different numbers of productive branches, (16; 24; 32) and without irrigation. The work was divided into two chapters, the first of which evaluated the productive, qualitative and nutraceutical compounds. In the second chapter, the photosynthetic and nutritional behavior of plants was evaluated. It was observed that cv. Roxo de Valinhos has better productive adaptation to the driving regime employed, compensating for the decrease in the number of branches with their greater growth, maintaining the number of fruits per plant, average fruit mass, and consequently, productivity. The cv. Pingo de Mel responds positively to the increase in the number of branches, for fresh and green fruits. Regarding the qualitative aspects, the cultivar Roxo de Valinhos was superior in the average weight and in the diameter of the fruits, characteristics appreciated in the consumption of fresh fruits, while the cv. Pingo de Mel presented better results in relation to dry mass and firmness of fruits, indicating a better shelf life. Vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and total sugars were identified, however, the levels did not differ significantly between treatments. The anthocyanin content was higher in cv. Roxo de Valinhos, depending on the color of the bark. It was observed that the number of branches and cultivars did not influence the nutritional content of the leaves, however the stage of collection varied. The photosynthesis of the leaves was higher in plants conducted with 16 branches in the parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence.