Prevalência de papiloma vírus humano por PCR em tempo real em citologia ginecológica e lesões celulares associadas

Abstract

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs) of viral origin, being the most prevalent in the world. HPV viruses are identified in two main groups called low risk and high oncogenic risk, and high risk are closely related to the development of cervical cancer. Objectives: The aim of the study was, through retrospective data search, determine positive HPV cases of cervicovaginal cytologic samples in liquid medium, whose results were obtained through the real-time PCR technique, Methods: Epidemiological data, cytological alterations, positivity and type of HPV virus were collected from the records of the tests in the pathology laboratory of hospital São Vicente de Paulo - Passo Fundo/RS performed from January 2017 to December 2018. The relationship between age, marital status and CRP result, as well as the relationship with cytological alterations were evaluated by the chi-square test and the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: A total of 1,107 cases were included in the study. In the sociodemographic characterization of the studied population, there was a predominance of patients aged 25 to 64 years (78.7%) and without a partner (56.7%). In addition, cytopathological alterations were found in 7.4% (n=83) of the samples and a total of 25.7% of the samples studied were considered positive for HPV. The relationship between PCR and cytopathological tests showed that 77 (92.8%) of the patients had positive HPV and cervical alteration concomitantly, considering the results of a single examination of each patient. Discussion: Considering the population studied and the methodology used, the data of the present study reinforce the association of hpv presence and cervical cell alterations, besides demonstrating that even in the absence of cytological alteration, there is HPV positivity, which should be considered for the prognosis of such patients, and thus a better follow-up and preventive conduct.