Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos rurais no município de Cerro Largo/RS

Abstract

The National Policy on Solid Waste, instituted in 2010, in Brazil, provides guidelines that guide the management of solid waste and, among its principles, presents the systemic vision and the sustainable development. In this perspective, aimed to analyze the management of solid waste from rural areas in the municipality of Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul. To carry out the research, a quantitative approach and an empirical analytical approach were used. As to its nature, it is classified as applied and the objectives as exploratory and descriptive. As data collection instruments were used structured interviews applied in ninety-four agricultural establishments, as well as documentary survey next to the town of Cerro Largo City Hall since 2010, attesting to the presence of public policies related to the management of rural solid waste. The statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance to verify the association between the existence of public policies and the destination of rural solid waste, as well as whether the different extracts influenced the destination of these residues. The results showed that management occurs in different ways, depending on the type of solid waste and, regardless of the area of the rural property, there are inadequate practices in the management of solid waste, which disregard the negative impacts on the environment and public health. The socioeconomic data of farms demonstrated prevalence of individuals aged over forty years and with low education. Agricultural activity is primarily responsible for family income. In the interviewees' perception, the domestic solid waste most generated in rural areas is plastic and organic. Among the waste from reverse logistics, the perception of the most generated was from pesticide packaging and fluorescent lamps, which have the highest and the lowest index of reverse logistics, respectively. Regarding the management of solid residues in rural properties, it was found that the treatment stages, final disposal of solid residues and final disposal of tailings were mostly suitable for inorganic waste paper, plastic and metal, tailings, pesticide packaging, tires and electronics products. For disposal of this waste is not possible to say that the forms of disposal are statistically different (p> 0.05) in the different strata. It was found the presence of twelve public policies, as well as changes through structural and contractual actions in the stages of domestic solid waste management, except in the treatment stage, which is not carried out in the municipality. However, there are no public policies with diagnoses on the management of rural solid waste. It was identified in the correlations between the number of policies and the final destination of rural solid waste significant association (p <0.05) for inorganic waste paper, plastic and metal, pesticide packaging, lubricating oil, tires and electronic products. Inferred to lack of effectiveness in public policy regarding the reverse logistics of fluorescent lamps, lubricating oil, batteries and veterinary inputs. Therefore, the effectiveness of the reverse system and public policies can contribute to meeting the National Solid Waste Policy and promoting sustainable development.