Otimização linear e não linear ao problema da formulação de dietas para rebanhos leiteiros e gestão de propriedades

Abstract

The objective of this study was to apply methods of optimization in the diet formulation to the dairy cattle, to find the nutritional demands with a minimal cost. The determination of nutritional necessity of animals was realised through the equations proposed by the NRC (2001). The diet formulation was based in the exigency of dry matter consumption, total digestible nutrients, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus. The nutritional values of foods, utilized in the diet creation, were obtained by the platform CQBAL 3.0. The diet optimization was realised through of methods algorithms Simplex and Generalized Reduced Gradient. For the implantation methods of optimization, it was utilized the software Microsoft Office Excel. On the other hand, to the elaboration the database for the management of dairy farms was using the Microsoft Office Access. The nutritional exigencies obtained were similar to the NRC (2001) to the calves, adult categories, while to the heifers reposition the value diverged. The optimization complied with the nutritional needs of animals, by the elaboration of a diet with minimal costs. Through the knowledge of animals nutritional needs, is possible to formulate diets that meet the necessities, without nutrients west by the faeces. With a balanced diet, is possible to make the production system sustainable, economically and environmentally, allowing the permanence of the farmer in the field activity, and also to preserving the environment.