O discurso político do viés ideológico na transição para o Governo Bolsonaro (2018-2019)

Abstract

In the transition to Bolsonaro’s government (2018-2019), there is a frequent presence of speeches against a supposed doctrinal order, called ideological bias. This study has its theoretical-methodological orientation in Discourse Analysis and, based on Michel Foucault, Michel Pêcheux and other authors, it seeks to analyze the information and the functioning of the discursive object understood under the scope named as ideological bias. In this context, the corpora of analysis are the pronouncements of President Jair Messias Bolsonaro in the inauguration ceremony and in the ceremony of receiving the presidential ribbon in Brasília, on January 1st, 2019. The choice of the corpora is justified by the events surrounding the pronouncements, in which the president reaffirms to the Brazilian population the commitment to fight against the ideological bias. As a research problem, we seek to understand how the Bolsonaro’s critique of ideology, which is associated with left-wing ideas in the Brazilian political field, is elaborated. Thus, the specific objectives of this research are: to enter the debate on an archeology of ideology; to identify the place of ideology, according to Bolsonaro’s speech; and to investigate drift points in corpora speeches that relate to the object of discourse under study. When exploring some of the several notions on the concept of ideology, we use the perspectives of Thompson (2011), Althusser (1985), Pêcheux (1997, 2014), among other authors. Also, as we move through the political field, we dialogue with Levin (2017), Bobbio (1995), Laclau (2018), Cruz, Kaysel and Codas (2015), Castro Rocha (2021) and other researchers. The analyses indicate that the ideology is characterized in corpora with negative sense, and should be combated by the people and the State. Bolsonaro’s speech carries traces of the new right-wing and disposes of elements of the semantic universe of religion, defending traditional and conservative conceptions, besides fighting progressive concepts, as the theory of gender. The metaphor of war is constant in the pronouncements analyzed, including the nomination of enemies to be eliminated. Among these opponents are included, mainly, the Brazilian left-wing of the political spectrum, the petismo and the notions of communism and socialism. Bolsonaro introduces himself as the savior messiah from the ideological practices which led the country to crises, instigating popular support based on a narrative of fear. Thus, the political discourse of the ideological bias in the transition to the Bolsonaro’s government points out enunciations that constitute one of the pillars of what can be called Bolsonaro’s "cultural war", a war fought in and by language.