Germinação e vigor de sementes salvas de soja em função do diâmetro da semente e profundidade de semeadura

Abstract

Soy bean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important agricultural crops for the world economy and is currently the main grain produced in Brazil. Grains are widely used by the agribusiness, mainly for the production of animal feed and vegetable oil production. For good crop productivity to occur, the quality of the seed used is of fundamental importance. Also, allied to that, the classification as to the size of the seeds can be a determining factor for a good uniformity of the sowing, final stand of plants and mainly, to provide a good force to the plants in the initial phase. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate two soybean cultivars (Pioneer 95R51® and Monsoy 5838®), with different classifications regarding seed diameter (4.5; 5.0; 5.5 and 6.0 mm), in order to obtain date that demonstrate whether the seed diameter and the sowing depth factor (3 and 6 cm) interfere in the initial seedling development. Germination tests, tetrazolium test, thousand seed mass, moisture percentage, emergence speed index, seedling length and emergence percentage were performed. The seeds were purchased from a rural producer in the municipality of Constantina/RS. The analyzes were carried out at the Seeds and Grains Laboratory at UFFS/Campus Chapecó/SC. The results indicate that sowing at greater depth (6 cm), negatively interferes, mainly in relation to the emergence speed index, seedling length and emergence percentage in both cultivars. However, regarding the size of the seeds, different date were obtained, in the cultivar Pioneer 95R51® the seeds in diameter (5.0 mm) were more vigorous and showed better initial development (emergence). While in the Monsoy 5838® grow crops, seeds with a larger diameter (6.0 mm) showed greater force and quality in the initial seedling development. However, in both cultivars, the different seed diameters showed low values in relation to force and germination percentage.