Coberturas de solo e capinas no manejo de plantas infestantes na cultura do feijoeiro

Abstract

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) make up a highly important socioeconomic crop and are considered one of the main sources of food, especially in poor and/or developing countries, as well as an important source of income for family farmers. However, the productivity of this crop may be limited due to the interference caused by weeds. The management of weedy species is generally carried out with the use of herbicides, nevertheless, to increase the sustainability of the agroecosystems it is necessary to use less impactful methods than the use of chemical products, such as the association of cultural and mechanical weed control methods. Hence, two field trials were conducted aiming at evaluating the use of winter cover crops associated with mechanical weed-control for the management of weeds in bean fields. In the first one, two cultivars, SCS 204 Predileto (preto) and IPR Tangará (carioca) were used in no-till systems with a soil coverage formed by the consortium of oats and vetches and four weed-control dates. In the second trial the cover crop species (oats and vetch) were tested individually in association with different weed-control times aiming at controlling weeds in the SCS 205 Riqueza (Carioca) cultivar. The growth and development of the crop were the variables evaluated in this work, making it possible to obtain the variables related to the yield components coupled to the interference and losses caused by the weedy community. It was also possible to evidence the positive contribution of the soil coverage on the bean-crop productivity in both experiments. The black oat coverage stood out, making it possible to reduce the frequency of weed-control and consequently the need for workforce. It was also possible to verify the competitive potential of the different cultivars, in which the cultivar “Carioca” stood out in productivity.