Prevalência de cárie e fatores associados em crianças e a política nacional de saúde bucal

Abstract

For a long time the access to dental public services was limited by making the population seek care in cases of pain, highlighting the mutilating action of dentistry. At the 3rd National Oral Health Conference held in 2004, in its final report oral health and the teeth condition were considered one of the most significant signs of social exclusion in Brazil. To change this reality, the National Oral Health Policy (NOHP) was released, Smiling Brazil Program, a policy to rescue the brazilian citizen's entitlement to dental attention, ensuring actions of promotion, prevention and recovery of brazilians oral health acting in lines of action child, teenager, adult and elderly. Tooth decay is the most prevalent oral disease in the population. Is a multifactorial disease that starts with a demineralization of tooth surface and which, if left untreated, can lead to major injuries and even the loss of the dental element, generating negative consequences on quality of life, especially of children. Decay requires three basic elements to develop: an individual's susceptibility, microbiota and diet, acting concurrently with the time factor. Associated with them are the external, socio-economic and cultural factors. To check the prevalence of caries in children, we use the index recommended by the World Health Organization (OMS) that accounts the decayed teeth, suitable for extraction or extracted and filled. The present work aims to verify the prevalence of caries in children of five years who study in schools of the municipality of Cerro Largo, RS, and correlate with associated factors. This research is an epidemiological survey, with cross-sectional design, quantitative approach, descriptive and explanatory reach. Data collection was divided into two parts. Initially was applied to the parents/guardians, after signing the Free and Informed Consent Term, a structured instrument that presented issues concerning socioeconomic, family, hygiene habits and diet conditions. Afterwards, the clinical examination of the oral cavity in children was carried out to verify the ceo-d index. The examination was carried out in the own educational institution as advocated by the SB Brazil Project and OMS. It was noted that the ceo-d index in five years old children in Cerro Largo, RS, is 1,76, that is, each child presents, on average, 1,76 teeth with experience of tooth decay. It is also observed that the factors such as school type, family income, parental education, number of children in the family, pain complaint, brushing frequency, responsible for brushing are statistically significant in correlation with prevalence of cavity. In this sense, it is verified that the prevalence of caries in Cerro Largo can be considered as moderate and is below the national average that is 2.43. It is concluded that the epidemiological surveys, as a PNSB action, is important for the evaluation and monitoring of this policy in the municipality of Cerro Largo, RS.