Processos hidrogeomorfológicos em áreas urbanas: estudo de caso dos loteamentos implantados em Chapecó/SC entre 2004-2018

Abstract

Urban expansion in Chapecó, through the implementation of subdivisions has been constituted as a constant since the 1970s in the municipality. A productive restructuring focused on the agro-industrial sector associated with the exponential demographic increase; that marked the last decades of the 20th century, were the main trends in an urbanization process that shaped the urban space of Chapecó. The socioenvironmental impact, originated through this transformation, began to expand along with the horizontalization of the city, which extended in accordance with the number of subdivisions determined by the municipality. The hydrological cycle and the watersheds of the municipality have become increasingly vulnerable to this growth, which culminated in urban-environmental problems that require resolutions that address social-natural issues in an integrated manner. Thus, this research proposes to analyze this complex relationship by identifying the hydrogeomorphological processes acting in the subdivisions implemented in the municipality of Chapecó between the years 2004 and 2018. The subdivisions located in the urban area and their urbanized watersheds, had these hydrogeomorphological aspects analyzed in generally and, subsequently, punctually, from three groups defined considering the propositions of Wolman (1967). Based on this, it has been observed the recurrent erosive manifestation in the studied subdivisions that do not depend on their positions in the relief or occupation phases. This context contrasts with the perspective of Wolman (1967), who describes the urbanization stages and its influence on the fluvial channels as sequential. Therefore, the hydrogeomorphological processes are always ready to be initiated since the subdivisions share characteristics, such as, exposed soil, absence of protective vegetation and large impermeable areas.