Adaptabilidade de cultivares de pessegueiro às condições edafoclimáticas do município de Cerro Largo, RS

Abstract

The peach tree (Prunus persica), considered a species of temperate climate, modifies the phenology when cultivated in places of subtropical climate. Knowledge of local microclimate conditions and their influence on the formation of flowering and vegetative buds, on overcoming endodormism, on phenology and peach production is essential for the implantation of varieties adapted to the region, in order to be successful with the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of four peach cultivars to the edaphoclimatic conditions in the municipality of Cerro Largo, RS. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Cerro Largo during the years 2019 and 2020. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four levels for the cultivar factor (BRS Kampai, BRS Regalo, Chimarrita and Eldorado) and nine replicates per cultivar, totaling 32 plants. The plants are arranged in four lines, with a spacing of 2 m between plants and 3.5 m between lines, conducted in a Y system. The following were evaluated: phenological stage of flowering and sprouting, vegetative growth (plant height, trunk diameter and volume canopy), production and quality attributes of the fruits, as well as the local weather conditions. Among the cultivars evaluated and in the experimental conditions adopted, the cultivar BRS Regalo showed greater vegetative growth and fruit productivity, in comparison with the other cultivars, proving to be more adapted for the study region; the BRS Kampai cultivar showed earlier sprouting and flowering than the others. The cultivar Eldorado tended to have a longer duration of flowering and sprouting periods; the cultivar Chimarrita registered the highest average mass of the fruits and with the largest dimensions, BRS Kampai presented the lowest mass fruits and the cultivars BRS Regalo and Eldorado presented intermediate fruits; the cultivars Eldorado and BRS Regalo showed firmer fruits and the cultivars Chimarrita and BRS Kampai showed fruits with less firmness of pulp; the BRS Kampai, BRS Regalo and Chimarrita genotypes had previously expected SST, ATT, pH and Ratio characteristics, which provides quality fruit for fresh consumption. The fruits of the cultivar Eldorado had a lower pH value and a higher ATT content. From this, it is inferred that the fruits of this cultivar are the most acidic among those evaluated.