Sistema de aquecimento de água residencial através do coletor solar asfáltico

Abstract

The use of renewable energy sources grows every day. The need to use alternative sources stems from a possible scarcity of traditional means of energy. One of the most promising energy sources that has been widely used is the Sun, which has a huge potential for generating electricity through photovoltaic plates and generating thermal energy through solar collectors. The Asphalt Solar Collector (CSA) consists of an asphalt pavement, with copper tubes inserted into the asphalt layer, which when circulating a fluid, such as water, collects the thermal energy emitted by the Sun, through the asphalt mass and transfers it to the water, which can be used later for various purposes. The developed dissertation has as objective to present the main concepts of use of the CSA, as well as its use as a system of thermal energy generation for residential purposes, being also analyzed the costs and the implementation of the system. The methods of assembling the system will be explained, in order to evaluate the capacity of the CSA, as an alternative water heating system for residential purposes in partial or total replacement in relation to conventional systems, considering its installation in a single-family residence in the Region. of Missions - RS. Analyzes were carried out from February to April and October to December 2020, from 9 am to 6 pm, evaluating the efficiency of an asphalt solar collector with dimensions 1.00m x 0.60m x 0.15m (length x width. x alt.), molded with bagged commercial asphalt, circulating water through copper tubes of 16mm in diameter, with flow rates of 12l / min, 9l / min and 6l / min, water volume in the reservoir of 40L, 30L and 20L. The water circulation was carried out by a pump, and temperature measurements were made at the CSA outlet inlet, on the asphalt pavement and reservoir. The entire system was controlled by an Arduino UNO R3 board. At the end of the analysis, it was demonstrated that the water heating occurred on average 13.52 ° C, with final temperatures between 29.09 ° C to 42.47 ° C, which makes it suitable for use in the bath. When analyzing the cost of manufacturing the CSA in relation to traditional solar collectors, it showed a higher value, however its use pays off, since, by being installed at the entrance of the homes, it replaces the installation of traditional concrete entrances and ceramic floors. In addition, it reduces the installation load on the roof of traditional collectors, decreasing possible structural reinforcements and also decreasing the visual impact of the facade, and the CSA goes practically unnoticed in the eyes of the observer and does not require specialized labor for its construction. installation and maintenance.