Etnohistória Kaingang na região de Palmas/Paraná: um olhar para a relação com o meio ambiente

Abstract

The presence of the Kaingang in the region of Palmas/PR is millenary. Over the years, this ethnic group had to adapt to the changes caused mainly by the arrival of colonizing fronts, in the 19th century, which ended up limiting their areas of domain. This research aims to analyze through ethnohistorical, bibliographical and documental sources the interaction of the Kaingang of the Palmas region with the environment. In addition to identifying how the legislation aimed at supporting the natives from the beginning of the Republic, between the years 1891 and 1967, was developed. as its tutelary action contributed to the destruction of large areas of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest present in the region, the preferred habitat of the Kaingang. It was identified, through this research and analysis of the sources, that throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the legislation itself facilitated the advance of colonizers over the reserve areas, intensifying deforestation and significantly changing the way of life of the Kaingang, who had to adapt to changes, altering daily subsistence practices, religiosity, housing, among others. These actions resulted in the demarcation of reserves, such as the Indigenous Land of Palmas (1909), significantly limiting the territorial domain of this group and definitively meeting the model proposed by the economic system and the federal and state governments