Caracaterização de partos domiciliares planejados vivenciados no Oeste Catarinense

Abstract

Normal childbirth is the most primitive process in history, being considered, for a long time, as a totally spontaneous and natural act. With the advent of Medicine there was a change in this conception and childbirth was transferred to the hospital environment. Currently, childbirth has been rescued in order to consider it, again, as something physiological and that respects the woman's choices, favoring the parturition process and the birth of the baby. Given the above, this study aimed to characterize planned home births experienced in western Santa Catarina in relation to the profile of women, based on information about prenatal care, the process of labor and delivery, birth and immediate postpartum. . This is a qualitative research, of a descriptive type, carried out based on a macroproject entitled “Reasons and experiences of women who chose Home Planned Childbirth in western Santa Catarina”, developed in 2016. The study took place in the homes of resident women in municipalities in the west of Santa Catarina. Ten women participated in the research who planned and delivered at home. Data production took place between the months of September and November 2016, through semi-structured audio-recorded interviews. Other data were collected from the pregnant woman's handbook and internal records of the team that provided assistance to women. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The study respected ethical aspects and was approved under opinion number 1,707,590 and CAAE 56837416.7.0000.5564. The description of the findings showed that women who opted for a planned home birth in western Santa Catarina had an average age of 27.6 years, nine were married and eight had completed higher education. Most said they believed/followed some belief/religion. The family income and the family's socioeconomic conditions was greater than or equal to five salaries. About ten consultations were carried out during prenatal care and half of the interviewees were primiparous and the other half multiparous. All of them experienced the planned home birth for the first time and, on the day of delivery, seven were 40 weeks pregnant. Several people, in addition to obstetric nurses, were present in the parturition and birth scenario and the presence of pets was also observed. The baby's birth took place in different places in the households and, mostly, in vertical positions. In general, the babies were born well, with satisfactory apgar scores, not requiring resuscitation maneuvers. The same happened with the delivery of the placenta, where no complications were observed. Two sutures were performed, one on request and the other due to changes in anatomy. The complications that occurred were handled by the assistant team at home. The decision for planned home birth is coupledwith the possibility of the woman being the protagonist of her birth history, with free choice for the way the whole process will take place. However, due to being offered only in a Brazilian public hospital, it is still not accessible for many women who would like this type of assistance during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium.