Motivações de mulheres pelo parto domiciliar planejado considerando aspectos do recém-nascido

Abstract

For several years, women delivered their children in the home environment, assisted by traditional midwives and accompanied by their families. Over time, the evolution of health technologies has excessively depersonalized and medicalized childbirth, turning to iatrogenic assistance in the search for the control of natural processes. In this sense, the resumption of planned home birth seeks to rescue the physiological aspects of this very particular process and provide a respectful and humanized treatment for the woman and her newborn. Given the above, this study aims to know the motivations of women for planned home birth considering aspects of the newborn. Specific objectives are to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics and obstetric data of these women and to characterize information about the parturition process and birth conditions of newborns. Qualitative descriptive exploratory study conducted in the homes of women residing in municipalities in western Santa Catarina. Ten women who planned and delivered at home were included in the survey. Data collection took place in 2016, through semi­structured audio­recorded interviews and information from the pregnant woman's handbook and internal records of the team that provided assistance to women. Data were submitted to content analysis. The study respected ethical aspects and was approved under opinion number 1,707,590 and CAAE 56837416.7.0000.5564. The analysis of the data highlighted two themes: “Rebuilding the birth” and “Respect for the newborn”. The characterization of the participants showed that the women who opt for this delivery are, mostly, young, married, with complete higher education and income greater than or equal to five minimum wages. Most of the interviewees had more than ten prenatal consultations, five were primiparous and four had previous deliveries, all in a hospital setting. Three women had complications during labor, delivery and postpartum. Most newborns had an apgar greater than eight in the first minute and greater than nine in the fifth minute of life. The first theme addressed that the choice for planned home birth, from the perspective of the newborn, was due to previous negative experiences, being reported by the women interventions carried out with their children in health institutions, in addition to the dehumanization of the team with the being who had ended up to be born. Thus, women searched for options and information in order to avoid experiencing these negative experiences again, wishing for a family and welcoming moment to receive their children, surrounded by a team that respected their choices. The second theme pointed out the respectful practices for the newborn that predominate in planned home births, such as respect for the Golden Hour, advocating skin­to11 skin contact, breastfeeding in the first hour of life, late cord clamping and other actions that provide benefits to the newborn, in addition to not performing unnecessary interventions that can affect the link between the binomial. Finally, women demonstrated satisfaction in choosing the planned home birth, in the context of the newborn, showing this mode of giving birth and being born in a natural, non­interventionist way, which adopts respect and humanization and is based on scientific evidence.