Utilização do brinquedo terapêutico para as crianças que vivenciam o período perioperatório: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: The hospitalization process brings significant changes at any stage of life, especially in childhood, it is seen as a worrying situation. Thus, the use of BT for the child who experiences the perioperative period minimizes the trauma caused by the procedures. The guiding question is: what has been produced by the scientific literature on the use of Therapeutic Toys for children who experience the perioperative period? And as an objective: To identify in the scientific literature how BT is developed for children who experience the perioperative period. Method: This is an integrative literature review study based on evidence-based practice. The databases used were Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus and Cinahl, having as inclusion criteria: studies that had their abstracts available in the databases, in full, online and free, that were in Portuguese, English or Spanish , who presented the use of BT in the perioperative period. Studies in the form of theses, dissertations, monographs and their respective chapters, integrative and systematic narrative reviews of the literature were excluded. Data collection took place in December 2020 to March 2021. Results: The final sample of the review was composed of 13 primary studies, the results were divided into two moments: 1) Characterization of the studies and main information; a study from 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2008, 2009, two from 2010, one from 2013, three from 2014, and one from 2018. Regarding the language, seven studies were published in Brazil in Portuguese and six studies published in the United States in English. Two studies were exploratory descriptive studies, two qualitative descriptive, one qualitative exploratory, two quantitative descriptive exploratory, one case study, and one experimental study, one experimental analytical, three randomized clinical trials. 2) Presentation of the themes: the use of BT in the preoperative period pointed out in studies E1, E3, E4, E9, E13, reported the use of BT in the preoperative of surgical procedures to reduce anxiety, and negative feelings of surgery ; use of BT in the postoperative period, shown in studies E2, E5, E7, E10, which showed the use of BT as an effective strategy to reduce the child's fear, tension and pain during the post-surgical dressing; and the use of BT in the perioperative period, presented in studies E6, E8, E11, E12, in all phases of surgery, reported BT as a resource of instruction in the preoperative phase, in addition to mentioning that the children remained calm during the sedation in the operating room and woke up less agitated, and soon after anesthesia they felt relief in reducing pain. Final considerations: The use of BT is effective in reducing anxiety, and fear of children and family members, and reduces operative pain, and contributes to more humanized nursing care.