Uso da IN11/FATMA 2014 em uma microbacia do Oeste Catarinense com intensa produção de dejetos suínos

Abstract

The western region of Santa Catarina concentrates the largest swine production in the state. Pig farming is present in most family-run properties, making it one of the main activities in generating jobs and income. The intense production of organic waste arising from this practice is commonly discarded into the soil without prior treatment and often as the only source of fertilizer for the soil and plants. Pig liquid manure (DLS) is a waste made up of materials from the rearing process and phase and by macro and micronutrients. The excessive application of this waste in the same area of soil and the adaptation to the real needs of the plants is the main challenge to the use of waste. Phosphorus (P) is the element of greatest concern in the environmental aspect regarding the use of waste, when present in levels above the Environmental Critical Phosphorus Limit (LCA-P) determined by the Environmental Foundation of the State of Santa Catarina, become a potential pollutant to the environment and its services. The growing concern with the environmental impacts of the P has motivated environmental agencies to establish norms aimed at monitoring areas with intense production of waste. This study aims to apply Normative Instruction No. 11 of 2014 (IN11) in soils of a microbasin with intense production and application of DLS. Soil collection for the analyzes took place in areas with different types of management in eleven properties belonging to the Lajeado Clarimundo hydrographic microbasin, located in the municipality of Concórdia – SC, totaling 125 samples. The laboratory analyzes were carried out in the Soil Chemistry Laboratory of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó campus. The interpretations of the analyzes and recommendations followed the IN11 criteria, which presents practical, technical and scientifically supported criteria. The areas of forest, reforestation and yerba mate with and without the application of manure had low levels of P in the soil, differing from the crop areas where the samples presented 46.93% of the P content above the LCA-P and pasture samples that had P content 15% above the LCA-P, recommended by legislation. It is concluded that the areas with excess P are cropland and pasture, therefore in disagreement with the tax in the current legislation. In contrast, areas of yerba mate with application of manure, present levels of P as satisfactory, therefore within the parameters of legislation, which does not dispense with the maintenance of good soil management and conservation practices