Avaliação do potencial germinativo da soja em função da profundidade de semeadura e tamanho da semente

Abstract

Soy culture is an important economic activity and source of income for many farmers in Brazil and worldwide. For good yields in the field, it is necessary to invest more and more in technologies, among them, the determination of the ideal seed size and the correct depth at the moment of sowing, which may affect the results of the harvest in the future. The objective of this work is to test the germination and emergence of two different soybean cultivars (Ícone and NS 5909 RG), as well as the development of aerial part and root, in the Chapecó SC region. The work, whose experimental design was completely randomized, was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Chapecó, SC. The soil used was extracted from the University's experimental area, in the crop area, which was classified as Red Latosol Dystrophic. The seeds were sieved and divided in the test sizes (5; 5.5; 6.0 mm), later sowed in trays with the soil extracted at the test depths (1.5; 3.0; 4.5; 6.0 centimeters). The present work did not show statistical differences in the germination and emergence of seeds of different diameters in both cultivars, however it presented statistical differences in the germination and emergence regarding the sowing depth for the different cultivars, being that the cultivar Ícone presented better performance in smaller depths of sowing (1.5 cm) and cultivar NS 5909 RG showed better development at greater depths (4.5 and 6.0 cm). Therefore, it is inferred that the size of seeds does not influence the germination of both cultivars, however, it can affect the development of the aerial part and root; the sowing depth affects the germination and root development of both cultivars.