Aleitamento materno em crianças até dois anos: prevalência da amamentação e seus impactos na saúde infantil em ambulatório de pediatria do norte gaúcho

Abstract

Investigate the differences in the distribution of frequencies of high body mass index (BMI), in children under 2 years of age, when compared with the presence of breastfeeding, cow's milk, formula milk and the period of interruption of breastfeeding, as well as to characterize the feeding profile. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in pediatric outpatient clinics in 2018 and 2019 from information collected in medical records. Children with BMI percentile >85 were categorized as nutritional status above recommended. Was calculated descriptively the frequencies of the variables and analytically the distribution of the outcome (BMI above recommended) in relation to the frequencies of the independent variables. Checking the difference of the distribution of frequencies was done using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of breastfeeding was 46% (95%CI 42-50) and exclusive breastfeeding in under 6 months was 34% (95%CI 27-41). The prevalence of cow's milk consumption was 20% (95% CI 17-24) and of formula consumption was 59%. The prevalence of BMI above recommended was 21% (95% CI 18-25). A statistical difference was observed in the frequencies between BMI above recommended and presence of breastfeeding, cow's milk and interruption of breastfeeding (p<0.01). Conclusion: there was a higher frequency of BMI above recommended in children who were not receiving breastfeeding, who were receiving cow's milk, and who discontinued breastfeeding before 12 months of age with statistical significance.