Perfil epidemiológico da doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em pacientes atendidos em um hospital no norte do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

To assess the profile of patients with peripheral arterial obstructive disease treated at a tertiary hospital from 2016 to 2020. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional descriptive study. Sample calculation, performed to identify the prevalence of Peripheral Obstructive Arterial Disease (PAD), estimated at 25%, assuming a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence level, resulting in a sample of 289 patients. This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (CEP - UFFS), under opinion 4,769,897 of June 11, 2021. Data were collected from medical records. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle, health aspects, epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, tests and management were extracted. Results: In the sample of 289 patients, a predominance of male patients (64.0%), between 70 and 79 years old, white (60.9%) and 41.3% lived in Passo Fundo was identified. As for life habits, 65.1% were smokers, 22.6% were alcoholics and 93.4% were sedentary. Regarding health aspects, 77.8% were dyslipidemic, 64.3% hypertensive, 59.9% diabetes mellitus, 44.3% hypercholesterolemia, 32.5% renal patients, 24.2% obese. Regarding clinical manifestations, 66.1% were asymptomatic, 29.1% reported pain in the lower limbs, 24.6% intermittent claudication, 14.9% critical ischemia. Of the exams requested, 78.2% underwent Doppler ultrasound, 68.5% angiography, 2.8% ABI and 2.1% angiotomography. As for the management, in 69.2% of the cases they used medication to control comorbidities, 36.7% indicated the performance of SEM (lifestyle change), 24.2% used endovascular therapy, 16, 6% coronary artery bypass surgery. Conclusion: The sociodemographic profile found in the current study in the Passo Fundo region is largely in accordance with literature data. However, further studies are needed to assess the real epidemiological profile of the condition.