Estudo retrospectivo de distocia em caninos e felinos atendidos na Superintendência Unidade Hospitalar Veterinária Universitária de 2013 a 2021

Abstract

Dystocia means difficulties during parturition and can originate from maternal or fetal factors. Treatments can be conservative, medical, or surgical. The objectives of this study were to collect data on the attendance of dystocia performed at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Realeza Campus, from 2013 to 2021, to estimate the occurrence of these cases, determine which imaging exams were performed to assist in the diagnosis of dystocia and quantifying in how many of these appointments required manual, medical or surgical interventions. Also, verify the origin of the dystocia, whether due to maternal or fetal factors, relate the cases to the species, race, diet, use of hormonal contraceptives, and the outcomes for the mother and neonates. It was possible to identify 185 animals treated with the main complaint of dystocia in this period, 141 of the canine species and 44 of the feline species. The dog race more frequent was Pinscher (39%) and the cat race was mixed-breed (81,9%). Medical treatment occurred in 31,9%, conservative treatments in 16,2%, and surgical treatment was required in 63,2% of the cases. Maternal origin was predominant in 45,5% and fetal origin occurred in 37,8% of the cases. In 30 animals it was not possible to determine the origin of dystocia. The most frequent causes of dystocia were the use of hormonal contraceptives (22.7%), followed by uterine inertia (14.5%) and single-fetus syndrome (10.8%). Mortality occurred in 20% of the females and 50.8% of the litter. Conducting retrospective studies makes it possible to identify the regional prevalence of the origins of dystocia, as well as the most frequent breeds, making it possible to adopt measures to improve future care in addition to recognizing flaws and allowing tutors to be guided concerning the care of pregnant females.