Efeito da associação da inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense com diferentes formas de adubação sobre a cultura do trigo

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was one first species domesticate by humans, mainly being the staple food of humanity. The nacional production, in Brazil, in the last year (2013) was 5.5279 million tons, but demand for the same period was 11.4314 million tons and, beyond national production does not meet demand, another factor that forces the country to import this grain is the technological quality of grain produced in the country. The productivity and wheat quality are strongly influenced by cultivation environment (soil and fertilization) and nitrogen is the main element responsible for the formation of proteins affecting technological quality of grains but it can be easily volatilized or leached. There are simple technologies that can be used to obtain better productive results with culture such as fertilization with the use of the organomineral fertilizer that makes available the nutrients gradually into the ground and the seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, a bacterium able to fixate atmospheric nitrogen in association with Poaceae. View of these potential technologies, the present study aimed evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation associated with different forms of fertilization on yield and quality of wheat grain, thus contributing to the development of a rational and sustainable agriculture. The experiment was established to the field, in the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul - PR. For statistical analysis, we used sample randomized block design under factorial arrangement 2x3, being, presence or absence of infection (2), under three forms of fertilization: 100% of the dose with chemical fertilizer, 100% of the dose with organic mineral fertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% organic mineral fertilizer. The wheat cultivar used in the experiment was BRS Pardela, which we evaluated the productivity, physical quality (hectoliter weight and thousand kernel weight) and technological quality by Alveography Analysis. Subsequently, was carried out Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the data of the variables and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% level of significance. It was found that inoculation provided increased income component number of spikes / m², as well as significant increase on productivity (kg/ha), while the presence of biofertilizer provided an increase on productivity only. With respect to the physical and technological quality, none of the treatments resulted in improvements.