Infecção uterina em vacas: eficiência do tratamento local associado à análise de resíduos antimicrobianos no leite

Abstract

Uterine infections (UIs) stand out among the diseases in dairy cattle, being responsible for the drop in production and disorders in the reproductive management of animals. Endometritis is inflammation and involvement of the endometrium and uterine glands, its diagnosis can be made based on clinical and physical examination, with transrectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasound, in addition to complementary exams. For treatment, the main therapeutic protocols used are based on antibiotic therapy and PGF2α analogues prostanoids. The feasibility of intrauterine infusion is still being discussed and without much information about the elimination of drug residues, especially in the case of dairy cattle. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the local treatment of uterine infection, through intrauterine infusion (IFU), associated with the analysis of antimicrobial residues in milk. Therefore, a gynecological evaluation was carried out in dairy cows from 40 days postpartum, from 19 animals, and after diagnosis of endometritis-type uterine infection, these animals were randomly distributed into two experimental groups, being group 1 ( G1 – 10 animals) treated with cefapirin-based IFU; and group 2 (G2 – 9 animals) treated with gentamicin IFU. Milk was collected from all treated cows, which were stored and frozen, for analysis of antimicrobial residues used in the treatment, from day zero (day of treatment, before application of the drug) until day five (D5) after treatment. treatment.. Weekly the females were submitted to ultrasound evaluation of the uterus, being considered cured of the uterine infection those that did not present content in the uterus and normal uterine wall (without thickening). No presence of cefapirin and gentamicin residue was observed in the milk of animals submitted to uterine infusion in any of the studied groups (p>0.05). The animals in Groups 1 and 2, treated with cefapirin and gentamicin, showed similar cure times, with an average of 35 + 7.3 and 40 + 9.4 days, respectively (p>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that both cefapirin and gentamicin, when used in the IFU, do not lead to the elimination of residues in the milk, or below the maximum residue limit (MRL), in addition to providing the treated animals with curing time similar.