Pandemia de Covid-19 e o processo de amamentação por mães infectadas: scoping review

Abstract

Breastfeeding is seen as an indispensable factor for the bonding process of the mother-baby binomial. It is known today that breastfeeding should be maintained even in the current context of a pandemic, even if there is suspicion or confirmation of the mother's infection by the Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19. Therefore, order map the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the breastfeeding process of children by mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, a scoping review was carried out based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute along with the checklist. PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews, aiming to guide and maintain the rigor criteria of the study. For the selection of studies, the concepts of population, concept and context were adopted. To search for studies, the Health Sciences Descriptors and Medical Subject Headings associated with Boolean operators were used through the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases; EMBASE (Elsevier); Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); MEDLINE/PubMed (via the National Library of Medicine); SCOPUS (Elsevier) and Web of Science. Data were extracted through a table. Data synthesis and analysis were performed independently by two investigators and the data were presented in a descriptive manner, based on thematic categories. Of the 44 articles selected, all were published between 2020 and 2021. Most of the articles were carried out in the USA, Italy and Spain, most of which addressed the hospital setting. Categories related to the negative effects on breastfeeding emerged from the analysis of the articles due to the reduction of visits to family members, mothers who stopped breastfeeding, institutions that discouraged breastfeeding, separation of the binomial and psychological effect. Regarding the adaptations in the daily care of the binomial and family, the articles addressed the follow-up of health professionals, either in person or virtually, adoption of precautionary measures and lactation by virtual connection. This characterized the creation of two main topics and eight subtopics for better presentation of the study. The review mapped the production of knowledge about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding by mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2, finding indicators on the negative effects on breastfeeding and the need for adjustments in the daily care of the binomial and family.