Melhoramento vegetal na cultura do feijão (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main grain crops produced in the country and in the world, because it is present in the most different growing conditions, the use of cultivars adapted to these is necessary. In the bean crop, which is one of the most important grains for human consumption, genetic improvement is extremely important in this context. This work aims to cover the main advantages and methods used in the common bean breeding, and to evaluate the progress obtained by the common bean breeding, scientific data and the published literature were analyzed. The need for improvement is also largely dictated by consumer preferences, which evolve with society itself and with the fashions and convictions of each era. Since obtaining new varieties is a process that takes a few years, from initial crosses to field tests and market entry, somehow the breeder must try to anticipate what the market demands or what eventual factors will be needed to improve on a variety. Improvement efforts in the country are linked to technological advances in the field, sustainable agriculture and foods of high nutritional value. In this way, efforts are made for mechanized harvesting, resistance to pests, diseases and drought tolerance, as well as increasing productivity and nutritional quality of grains, emphasizing the use of biotechnology to achieve satisfactory results.