Atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de repolho cultivado em sucessão à plantas de cobertura em Sistema Plantio Direto

Abstract

No-tillage as a management system for vegetables is an important tool in the transition to a sustainable production system, in soil conservation and recovery of degraded areas. In this way, adapted for the planting of vegetables, the Direct Planting System of Vegetables (SPDH) aims to promote plant health and improve the biological, chemical and physical attributes of the soil, consequently resulting in an increase in the productivity of agricultural crops. The main objective of this work is to know the effects of different species of cover crops on the physical attributes of the soil and on the production of Brassica oleracea (Cabbage). The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Cerro Largo, and consists of twenty experimental units of 8 m². The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments adopted were: area cultivated with Canavalia ensiformis (FP), Crotalaria juncea (CJ), Sorghum sudanense (CP), Pennisetum glaucum (MI) and a fallow area (SC). The plants were sown and at the end of the cycle they were mowed and their biomass was placed under the soil surface for later planting of cabbage seedlings. The cabbage crop cycle lasted 135 days, and after the end of it, soil samples were collected for analysis of Soil Density, Total Porosity, Microporosity and Macroporosity. The cultural parameters evaluated were Fresh Head Mass (MFC), Head Diameter (DC) and Average Productivity. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the comparison of means by the Tukey test at 5% probability. Density and total porosity differed significantly in the 5-10cm layer, with higher values for the FP treatment and lower values for SC. Micro and macroporosity did not differ significantly between treatments, indicating that for this parameter the treatments were similar. Cabbage yield was higher in the FJ treatment, demonstrating the best yield conditions in the use of the pig bean species in rotation system in the cultivation of vegetables.